这里说的文化,是狭义的,指精神文化,即人类精神财富的总和,包括思想意识、观念形态、宗教信仰、社会规范、教育法律、道德习俗以及科学技术和知识。对此,说法一致的多,已写进某些教科书。那么,什么是反文化呢?一种说法认为,反文化属亚文化(非居主导地位或不具全社会性的思想文化)的特殊类型,是对现存思想文化持敌对态度的思想文化,其特点是不居社会主导地位,不具有普遍性。另一种说法认为,反文化是指某种文化内部摧毁其终极性价值规范的倾向。两种说法具有互补性,且为不少论者接受,并以此认识反文化,便把一定意识形态支配下的抗议运动,如上世纪六十年代发生在美国的校园民主运动、妇女解放运动、黑人民权运动、反战和平运动、环境保护 The culture here refers to narrow sense, which refers to the spiritual culture, that is, the sum of human spiritual wealth, including ideology, ideology, religious beliefs, social norms, educational laws, moral customs and science and technology and knowledge. In this regard, much the same argument has been written into some textbooks. So, what is anti-culture? A theory that anti-culture is a special type of sub-culture (non-dominant or non-social ideological and cultural) is an ideological and cultural hostile attitude to the existing ideology and culture, its characteristics Is not inhabited by society dominance, not universal. Another view is that anti-culture refers to the tendency of a culture to destroy its ultimate value norms. The two versions are complementary and accepted by many commentators. With this understanding of anti-culture, they put a number of protest movements under ideology, such as the campus democracy movement in the United States in the 1960s, the women’s liberation movement, Black Civil Rights Movement, Anti-War Peace Movement, Environmental Protection