传统文学鉴赏告诉我们:作家写作是为了给读者阅读的,并希望读者读后,能接受作品中表达的思想感情,同意他通过形象表现出来的对社会生活的认识和评价。现实主义艺术大师老托尔斯泰说:“艺术的全部用心在于努力使自己的作品通俗易懂”。“如果我是沙皇,便要颁布一项法令:凡作家用词,本人不解其意者便剥夺他的写作权,并给他一百大板”。然而,令人困惑的是当代西方文学中将被托尔斯泰剥夺写作权的作家不仅大有人在,而且他们还有自己的理论。爱尔兰著名作家乔伊斯说:“我在书里设置了许许多多的疑团和迷魂阵,教授们要弄清我到底是什么意思,够他们争论 The appreciation of traditional literature tells us that the writing of a writer is intended for the reader to read, and he hopes that after the reader has read it, he will accept the thoughts and feelings expressed in the work and agree with his understanding and evaluation of social life through his image. Realism Master Tolstoy said: “The whole intention of art lies in its efforts to make its own works easy to understand.” “If I were a tsar, I would have to promulgate a decree: Every writer who dismissed his intention would deprive him of his right to write and give him a hundred boards.” However, it is puzzling that not only do many writers in contemporary Western literature who will be deprived of the right to write by Tolstoi, but also have their own theories. Joyce, a famous Irish author, said: "I have put so many mysteries and mysteries in my books that professors want to find out exactly what I mean, enough for them to argue