仰韶文化最早遗存,是一个20世纪70年代提出的命题,涉及北首岭遗址下层的分析问题。多年来关于北首岭下层的文化内涵及属性问题,学界多有讨论,产生了种种不同的见解。特别是以小口平底瓶和直腹弦纹罐为代表的遗存,或认为属半坡类型较早阶段,或称之为“北首岭文化”。本文在再次分析北首岭下层的基础上,提出这类遗存应属仰韶文化的最早遗存,即仰韶文化初期阶段的遗存。 The earliest remains of Yangshao culture is a proposition put forward in the 1970s and involves the analysis of the lower reaches of Beizhuling site. Over the years on the north of the first ridge of the lower cultural connotation and attributes of the issue, many scholars have discussed, produced a variety of different opinions. Especially the remains represented by small flat-bottomed bottles and straight-bellied cans, or considered as belonging to the earlier stage of the Banpo type, or called “Beizhiling Culture”. Based on the reanalysis of the lower part of Beizuoling, this paper proposes that such relics should belong to the earliest relics of Yangshao culture, that is, the remains of the initial stage of Yangshao culture.