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南海东部海域表层沉积物可被分为11种类型:含岩块砾石黏土质粉砂、贝壳珊瑚砂、黏土质粉砂、钙质黏土、钙质软泥、有孔虫砂、深海黏土、含铁锰微粒粉砂质黏土、硅质黏土、含火山灰硅质黏土、含火山灰粉砂质黏土.这些类型按物源和成因可被分为陆源碎屑、钙质碎屑和硅质碎屑、火山碎屑3大类型,其中陆源碎屑分布面积约占50%,钙质碎屑占20%,硅质碎屑和火山碎屑各占15%.在物质来源、海底地形、火山作用、生物作用、水动力条件等因素影响和控制下,由于沉积环境的差异,故区内褐色类沉积物最多(60 68%),灰色类沉积物次之(38 20%),黄色类沉积物最少(1 12%).台湾省以南到17°N以北海区沉积物以陆源沉积物分布为主;巴士海峡以西海区沉积物较粗,常含砂岩块和砾石;东沙群岛以东海区钙质生物碎屑沉积丰富;中、西部海区以含铁锰微粒沉积物为主;中、南部海区水深大,主要分布硅质沉积物;南部海区、礼乐滩北缘沉积物受礼乐滩珊瑚碎屑影响大,沉积物类型为钙质软泥.
Surface sediments in the eastern South China Sea can be divided into 11 types: rock-gravel clay-bearing silt, shell coral sand, clayey silt, calcareous clay, calcareous mud, foraminifer sand, deep sea clay, Iron-manganese fine-grained silty clay, siliceous clay, volcanic siliceous clay, and volcanic ash-containing silty clay These types can be classified into terrestrial, calcareous and siliceous clasts by source and genesis, 3 types of volcanic debris, of which terrestrial debris distribution area of about 50%, calcareous debris accounted for 20%, siliciclastic and volcanic debris each accounted for 15% in the material source, the seafloor topography, volcanism, biological (60 68%), gray sediments (38 20%) and yellow sediments (at least) due to the difference of depositional environment (under the influence and control of hydrodynamic conditions) The sediments in the sea area to the north of 17 ° N in Taiwan Province are dominated by terrestrial sediments. The sediments in the west of the Bashi Channel are coarse and often contain sandstone blocks and gravels. The calcareous organisms in the East China Sea, Rich detrital sediments; the middle and western parts of the sea are dominated by iron-bearing manganese particles; the middle and southern parts of the sea Deep water, mainly siliceous sediments; southern sea area, the northern margin of the Reed Bank by the Reed Bank deposits coral debris impact, sediment type calcareous ooze.