目的　探讨食管黏膜碘染色诊断无吞咽症状者食管癌前病变和早期癌的临床应用价值。方法　对36 6例无吞咽症状、但食管黏膜有可疑病变者进行碘染色检查,记录不染或淡染区的部位、大小、形态和边界等,并行多点活检,并将内镜下表现与病理检查结果进行对比分析。结果　36 6例染色前发现食管可疑病变4 6 2个,染色后341例出现不染及淡染区4 78个,约1 / 3的患者可见2个以上不染或淡染区。中度不典型增生以上者1 0 4例,占2 8.4 %。本组食管黏膜碘染色的敏感度为89 .8%。结论　食管黏膜碘染色是食管早期癌及癌前病变检诊的重要手段,染色后病灶的显色程度和边缘与病理改变密切相关。 Objective To investigate the clinical value of esophageal mucosal iodine staining in the diagnosis of esophageal precancerous lesions and early cancer without swallowing symptoms. Methods 366 iodine-stained patients with no symptoms of swallowing but with esophageal mucosal suspicious lesions were examined. The location, size, shape, and boundary of the unstained or lightly stained areas were recorded. Multiple biopsies were performed concurrently and endoscopically performed. Pathological examination results were compared. Results Among the 36 patients, 466 suspected esophageal lesions were found before staining. Of the 341 patients, 341 were in the non-stained and lightly stained areas after staining, and about 1/3 of the patients were found to be in the non-stained or lightly stained areas. There were 104 cases with moderate atypical hyperplasia, accounting for 28.4%. The sensitivity of this group of esophageal mucosal iodine staining was 89.8%. Conclusion Esophageal mucosal iodine staining is an important method for the detection of early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions. The degree of coloration of the lesion and its borders are closely related to pathological changes after staining.