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语法化和词汇化是语言学中重要的两种语法现象。语法化是指:语言中有实际意义的词转化成没有实际意义而仅表示语法功能成分的过程。词汇化是指:短语等非词单位逐渐凝固变得紧凑而成为独立词语的过程。虽然二者为两种不同的语法现象,但我们也不应将这二者孤立,而应该看到其联系。本文将着重就古汉语中涉及这两种语法的案例加以分析论述。
Grammaticalization and lexicalization are two important grammatical phenomena in linguistics. Grammaticalization refers to the process of converting meaningful words in language into meaningless functional meaning and expressing only functional components of grammar. Lexicalization refers to the process of non-word units, such as phrases, gradually becoming solidified and becoming independent words. Although the two are two different grammatical phenomena, we should not isolate the two and should see the connection. This article will focus on the ancient Chinese language involved in both cases of grammar to be analyzed.