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本文提出能解释热阴极中各种现象的动态表面发射中心模型。电子发射来源于一个原子集团。在这原子集团中,当运动着的电子具有瞬时的最高能量,或集团的原子核吸引力达到最小时,便产生电子发射。超额钡是提供高能电子的根源。氧则按其在集团中的相对数量和相对位置而分别起有益或有害的作用。虽然锶、钙、铝酸盐、钨酸盐等对发射只起次要的作用,但它们对蒸发、徙动、传递电子等却有影响。实用热阴极的发射不均匀性证明发射中心的存在,而发射的不稳定性,例如闪变噪声,显示出发射中心的动态特性。
This paper presents a dynamic surface emission center model that can explain various phenomena in the hot cathode. Electron emission originates from a group of atoms. In this atomic group, electron emission occurs when the moving electrons have the highest instantaneous energy or the group’s atomic attraction is minimized. Excess barium is the source of high-energy electrons. Oxygen, by their relative numbers and relative positions in the group, respectively, serves a beneficial or detrimental effect. Although strontium, calcium, aluminates, tungstates and the like play only a minor role in emission, they have an impact on evaporation, migration and the transfer of electrons. The actual hot cathode emission non-uniformity proves the existence of the launch center, while the launch instability, such as flicker noise, shows the dynamic nature of the launch center.