科研设计包括专业设计和试验设计两部分。前者主要是所研究课题的专业知识、当前国内外研究动态和需要进一步研究解决的关键问题;后者主要是完成专业设计需要采取的统计学技术,用以确保所得结果的可比性、重现性和客观性。实际上,在进行科研工作的课题设计时,往往把两者结合在一起统称为实验设计。 Scientific research design includes professional design and experimental design. The former is mainly the professional knowledge of the research subject, the current domestic and foreign research trends and the key issues that need to be further studied and solved; the latter is mainly the statistical techniques needed to complete the professional design to ensure the comparability and reproducibility of the results obtained. And objectivity. In fact, when designing research projects for scientific research, the two are often collectively referred to as experimental designs.