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通过连续20 a的氮磷化肥与有机肥配施的定位试验,研究了氮磷化肥与有机肥配施对褐土耕层土壤钾素平衡、各形态钾素含量及其在全钾中的比例和全钾含量的影响。结果表明,单施氮磷化肥或与有机肥配施都可以增加作物产量,提高作物地上部对土壤钾素的吸收;土壤钾素除单施高量有机肥处理有所盈余外,其余处理都表现为亏缺,且随着有机肥施用量的增加,土壤钾素的亏缺量减少;只施用氮磷化肥处理,随着氮磷化肥施用量的增加,水溶性钾和非交换性钾含量呈先上升后下降的趋势,其他钾素形态含量变化无明显规律,水溶性钾、非交换性钾和矿物钾在全钾中的比例呈先下降后上升的趋势;氮磷化肥与有机肥配施处理,随着有机肥施用量的增加,钾素各种形态含量以及水溶性钾、非特殊吸附钾和特殊吸附钾比例均随有机肥施用量的增加呈上升趋势,矿物钾的比例则呈下降趋势,非交换性钾变化规律不明显。长期氮磷化肥与有机肥配施可以减缓土壤全钾含量的消耗。
Through 20 years of continuous application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and organic fertilizers, the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and organic manures on the balance of potassium in cultivated soils, the contents of potassium in various forms and their proportions in total potassium And total potassium content. The results showed that the application of N and P fertilizers alone or combined with organic manure could increase crop yield and increase the uptake of soil K by crop shoots. The deficit of soil K decreased with the increase of the application rate of organic manure; only treated with N and P fertilizers, with the increase of N and P fertilizers, the content of water-soluble potassium and non-exchangeable potassium The content of other potassium forms did not change obviously, and the proportion of water-soluble potassium, non-exchangeable potassium and mineral potassium in total potassium showed the first decrease and then increased; the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer and organic fertilizer With the increase of organic manure application, the content of various forms of potassium and the proportion of water-soluble potassium, non-special-adsorption potassium and special-adsorption potassium all increased with the increase of organic manure application, and the proportion of mineral potassium was Declining trend, non-exchangeable potassium change is not obvious. Long-term nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer and organic fertilizer can reduce the consumption of total potassium in soil.