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中国古代和晚清时期，“夷”的含义不同。“以夷制夷”思想的产生有深刻的历史根源和社会原因，在其实施过程中呈现出明显的阶段性特点，失败的根源在于晚清政治腐败、经济落后。
In ancient China and late Qing Dynasty, the meaning of “barbarian” was different. There are profound historical roots and social reasons for the emergence of the thought of “controlling the barbarians against the barbarians”, showing obvious phased features in the process of their implementation. The root of the failure lies in the political corruption and economic backwardness in the late Qing Dynasty.