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目的了解金湖县农村改厕工作进展情况,评估农村改厕工作带来的卫生、环境、社会和经济等综合效益,为制定更加科学规范的改厕规划和策略提供依据。方法 2010—2014年,每年抽取2个镇2个村作为评估村,采取现场调查、查阅资料、入户访谈、粪便样品检测等方法,进行卫生、环境、社会和经济等综合效益评估。共调查10个镇10个村的100户居民,每个村调查10户居民的改厕情况。结果评估村完成改厕5744户,任务完成率99.69%,户厕完好率100%,正常使用率100%。与改厕前的2006年比较,2014年居民肠道寄生虫病感染率、乙类传染病发病率和肠道传染病发病率分别下降了90.83%(1.98/2.18)、22.78%(35.65/156.51)和49.57%(5.78/11.66)。实验室卫生学指标检测未发现血吸虫、蛔虫、钩虫等寄生虫卵,粪菌值去除率均达100%(100/100)。评估村实验室环境学指标检测户厕第3格化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,CODcr)、五日生化需氧量(biochemical oxygen demand-five,BOD_5)平均达标率分别达80.00%和84.00%;与第1格相比,第3格的CODcr、BOD_5和氨氮值(ammonia nitrogen,AN)平均去除率分别为58.75%、60.89%和61.64%。2014年较2006年居民平均疾病医药费用下降了58.93%,卫生设施购买费用增长了113.50/,带动的相关消费增长了113.38%。结论金湖县农村改厕工作成效显著,取得了较好的卫生效益、环境效益、社会效益和经济效益。今后应加强改厕的日常管理,形成建、管、用并重的长效管理机制,扩大改厕综合效益。
Objective To understand the progress of lavatories in rural areas of Jinhu County, assess the comprehensive benefits of sanitation, environment, society and economy brought by lavatories in rural areas and provide the basis for more scientific and standardized lavatories planning and strategies. Methods From 2010 to 2014, 2 villages in 2 towns were selected as the assessment villages, and the comprehensive benefit evaluation of health, environment, society and economy was carried out through on-the-spot investigation, access to information, household interviews and stool sample testing. A total of 100 households in 10 villages in 10 townships were surveyed. Each village surveyed the toilets of 10 households. Results The assessment village completed 5744 toilet renovation, task completion rate of 99.69%, household toilet perfect rate of 100%, the normal use rate of 100%. Compared with 2006 before restroom, the incidences of intestinal parasitic infections, B infectious diseases and intestinal infectious diseases in residents decreased by 90.83% (1.98 / 2.18), 22.78% (35.65 / 156.51 ) And 49.57% (5.78 / 11.66) respectively. Laboratory hygiene tests showed no parasitic eggs such as schistosomiasis, roundworm, hookworm and so on. The removal rates of feces reached 100% (100/100). The environmental compliance of village laboratory was evaluated. The average compliance rates of COD oxygen and CODcr in the toilet in the 3rd unit were 80.00% and 84.00% respectively for biochemical oxygen demand-five (BOD_5) ; Compared with the first grid, the average removal rates of CODcr, BOD_5 and ammonia nitrogen (AN) in the third grid were 58.75%, 60.89% and 61.64% respectively. In 2014, the average cost of medical care for residents decreased by 58.93% as compared with that in 2006, while the cost of purchasing health facilities increased by 113.50%. The related consumption-related expenses increased by 113.38%. Conclusion The lavatories work in rural areas in Jinhu County has achieved remarkable results with good sanitary, environmental, social and economic benefits. In the future, the daily management of lavatories should be strengthened to form a long-term management mechanism that combines both construction, management and utilization so as to expand the overall efficiency of lavatories.