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以IEEE可靠性测试系统的数据为基础,对不同定价规则的电力拍卖市场进行了基于智能代理的仿真。结果表明:①在统一出清电价(UCP)和按报价支付(PAB)的电力市场,减少发电厂商的市场份额可以削减发电厂商的市场力,但条件是系统要有足够的备用容量;如果负荷需求接近总可用容量,即使最大的发电厂商的市场份额只有11.4％时,其电力市场的价格也会远远偏离其边际成本价格。②在PAB电力市场,市场均衡状态的总购电费用以及平均价格两方面几乎和UCP电力市场电价没有差别,甚至还要高于UCP电力市场的均衡价格,因此,使用PAB的方法很难达到抑制电价飞升的目的。③在当量电价(EVE)的电力市场,发电厂商几乎没有策略空间,所有的发电厂商都自动按照其成本报价,而且对于各种情况都具有相当稳定的表现。EVE还提供了一种独特的容量投资自动补偿机制,使得在发电生产成本存在规模经济性时,发电厂商可以得到合理的补偿。而在UCP和PAB电力市场,一方面会出现发电厂商报高价的现象,另一方面还会出现部分发电厂商负利润的情况。所有结果表明EVE具有优良的市场特征,对于发电容量相对紧缺,不变成本不可忽视的中国电力工业现状,采用EVE不失为一个明智的选择。
Based on the data of IEEE reliability test system, the simulation based on intelligent agent is carried out on the electricity auction market with different pricing rules. The results show that: ①Under the unified UCP and PAB market, reducing the market share of power plants can reduce the market power of power plants, provided that the system has enough reserve capacity; if the load Demand approaches the total available capacity, even if the largest generator has a market share of only 11.4%, its electricity market prices far deviate from their marginal cost prices. ② In the PAB electricity market, the total electricity purchase cost and the average price in the equilibrium state of the market are almost the same as those of the UCP electricity market, and even higher than the equilibrium price of the UCP electricity market. Therefore, it is difficult to suppress using the PAB method The purpose of soaring electricity prices. (3) In the EVE electricity market, there is almost no strategy space for power plants. All power plants are automatically quoted at their cost and have fairly stable performance in all situations. EVE also offers a unique auto-compensation mechanism for capacity investment that enables generators to be reasonably compensated for economies of scale in generating production costs. In the UCP and PAB power markets, on the one hand, there will be high prices reported by power generation companies, on the other hand, there will be some negative profits of power generation companies. All the results show that EVE has excellent market characteristics. It is a wise choice for EVE to adopt EVE for the status quo of power industry in China, where power generation capacity is relatively scarce and its constant cost can not be ignored.