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最佳政体概念对于理解亚里士多德的政治哲学具有重要意义。亚里士多德把政体划分为六种:王制、贵族制和公民制为正当政体,僭主制、寡头制和民主制为变态政体。对此有不同的观点,也有人把最佳政体分别解释为这六种政体中的某一种。然而,只有在最佳政体中公民们才有可能实现德性基础上的平等,共同追求有德性的生活。最佳政体与六种政体的差异正是亚里士多德政治哲学独特品质的体现。
The concept of the best polity is of great importance for understanding Aristotle’s political philosophy. Aristotle divided the political system into six categories: the royal system, the aristocratic system and the civic system as the legitimate political system, the monarchy system, the oligarchy system and the democratic system as the abnormal state system. There are different opinions on this point, and some also interpret the best political system as one of these six kinds of polity respectively. However, it is only in the best forms of government that citizens are able to achieve equality on the basis of virtue and seek common life with virtue. The difference between the best government and the six kinds of government is exactly the embodiment of the unique qualities of Aristotle’s political philosophy.