从刑法修正案(八)中关于人体器官移植犯罪的规定出发,本文认为,紧急避险理论并非人体器官移植阻却违法性的理论基础,现行立法是以“知情同意”或被害人承诺理论作为人体器官移植合法与否的重要判断标准。基于器官供体的知情同意,除非是“组织多人出卖人体器官”行为,一般出卖人体器官的行为不具有刑事违法性。刑法修正案(八)将组织他人出卖人体器官的行为规定为犯罪,其违法性在于对人体器官“商业化禁令”的违背,而非对市场秩序的破坏,因此组织出卖他人器官的行为不构成非法经营罪。 This article holds that the theory of emergency avoidance is not the theoretical basis of preventing illegality of human organ transplantation. The current legislation is based on the theory of “informed consent” or the theory of victim commitment An important criterion for judging the validity of human organ transplantation. Based on the informed consent of the organ donor, unless it is the “organization of many human betrayal organs” behavior, the general betrayal of human organs does not have the criminal illegality. Amendments to the Penal Code (8) Criminalizing the Organized Betrayal of Human Organ Organs, which is illegal because of the violation of human organs, the Commercial Ban, and not the destruction of the market order, thus organizing the betrayal of organs of other persons Does not constitute illegal business crime.