文章利用中国健康与营养调查数据,分析中国1989~2011年人口结构、劳动收入、非劳动收入因素对贫困及不平等变动的贡献率。结果显示,在全体样本中,劳动收入增长是贫困下降的最大贡献因素;有工作的成人占家庭成人比重下降对贫困下降有负向贡献;私人转移支付对贫困下降的贡献率远大于公共转移支付;劳动收入变动是不同时期不平等变动的最主要贡献因素;公共转移支付调节收入不平等的贡献微弱。在分组样本中,不同因素对贫困、不平等变动的贡献率存在城乡差异。此外,文章还发现公共转移支付、养老金具有亲富人的特征。 Using the data of China Health and Nutrition Survey, this article analyzes the contribution rate of population structure, labor income and non-labor income to poverty and inequality in China from 1989 to 2011. The results show that in all the samples, the increase of labor income is the biggest contributor to the decline of poverty; the percentage of working adults who make up the decline of family adults has a negative contribution to the decrease of poverty; the contribution rate of private transfer payment to poverty reduction is much larger than that of public transfer payment ; Labor income change is the main contributor to inequality change in different periods; public transfer payment has little contribution to adjusting for income inequality. In the subgroup sample, there are urban-rural differences in the contribution rates of different factors to poverty and inequality. In addition, the article also found that public transfer payments, pension has pro-rich features.