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目的研究南水北调东线工程输水河道漂浮物漂流规律和水体钉螺扩散的潜在风险。方法采用打捞法和稻草帘诱螺法对南水北调东线工程输水河道水体钉螺进行监测,并通过GPS定位漂流试验对输水河道中钉螺随水扩散的可能性进行评估。结果 2006-2013年汛期,在南水北调东线工程里运河及金宝航道打捞漂浮物8 338.0 kg,投放稻草帘2 100块,均未发现钉螺。漂浮物定位漂流试验表明,东线工程通水前高水河段表层北向水面流速为0.45 m/s时,搭载GPS定位器的漂浮物(GPS漂浮物)平均漂流速度为0.56~0.60 m/s,平均每次漂流999.70~1 995.50 m;金宝航道段则无明显漂流。试通水期高水河水面流速为0.45 m/s时,GPS漂浮物平均漂流速度为0.35~0.41 m/s,平均每次漂流1 248.06~1 289.44 m;金宝航道段水面流速为0.28 m/s时,平均漂流速度为0.25~0.27 m/s,平均每次漂流477.76~496.38 m。漂流试验显示GPS漂浮物在水流、风向、船行波作用下,逐渐向岸边靠拢,在受到芦苇、水草或其他障碍阻滞时则停止不前,如无外力帮助则不能继续漂流。结论南水北调东线工程输水河道水体监测未发现钉螺,GPS定位漂流试验显示漂浮物随水漂流距离受流速和岸边环境限制。
Aim To study the drifting regularity of driftwood and the potential risk of snail spread in the East Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project. Methods Survival method and straw curtain lure method were used to monitor snails in the waterway of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. The possibility of diffusion of Oncomelania snail on the watercourse with water was evaluated by GPS positioning drifting test. Results During the flood season from 2006 to 2013, 8 338.0 kg of floating debris and 2 100 straw curtains were placed on the Canal and Campbell Channel in the Eastern Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion. No snails were found. The drifting experiment shows that the mean drifting velocity of floating debris (GPS floats) equipped with GPS positioner is 0.56 ~ 0.60 m / s when the velocity of the surface water layer is 0.45 m / s in the upper reaches of the water of the East Route. , An average of each drifting 999.70 ~ 1 995.50 m; Campbell Channel section there is no obvious drifting. The mean drift velocity of GPS floats was 0.35 ~ 0.41 m / s, with an average of 1 248.06 ~ 1 289.44 m drifting each time when the surface water flow rate was 0.45 m / s. The surface flow velocity at Campbell section was 0.28 m / s, the average drifting speed is 0.25 ~ 0.27 m / s, with an average of 477.76 ~ 496.38 m per drifting. Rafting experiments show that GPS floats move closer to the shore under currents, winds and boat waves, and stop when they are blocked by reeds, aquatic plants or other obstacles, and they can not continue drifting without external help. Conclusion There was no snail found in the waterway of the water diversion project of the Eastern Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project. The GPS drift test showed that the float distance with water was limited by the flow rate and the shore environment.