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目的了解高血压患者的生命质量并探讨其影响因素。方法采用整群抽样,选取大连市某医院2016年1~12月进行健康查体的1 857例职工(45岁以上)进行EQ-5D问卷调查。结果高血压组487例,非高血压组1 370例。高血压患者的EQ-5D指数平均得分为(0.91±0.15)分;EQ-VAS平均得分为(71.03±14.63)分,生命质量低于普通人群(P<0.05)。存在困难比例最高的是“疼痛/不舒服”(26H08%),其次是“焦虑/抑郁”(13.14%)。单因素显示性别、年龄、收入、文化程度、病程、超重和肥胖、锻炼等是影响高血压患者生命质量的主要因素(P<0.05)。回归分析表明年龄、超重与肥胖是行动能力和日常活动的独立危险因素;年龄是自我照顾的独立危险因素;年龄是疼痛/不舒服的独立危险因素,高收入为保护因素;锻炼是焦虑/抑郁的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论高血压患者的生命质量低于非高血压人群,应从低收入、低文化水平,60岁以上人群、体力活动与病程的管控方面给予重视,对减轻患者疾病负担、提高生存质量意义重大。
Objective To understand the quality of life of hypertensive patients and to explore the influencing factors. Methods A total of 1 857 workers (over 45 years old) who had physical examination in a hospital in Dalian from January to December in 2016 were selected for EQ-5D questionnaire. Results There were 487 hypertensive patients and 1 370 non-hypertensive patients. The average score of EQ-5D index in hypertensive patients was (0.91 ± 0.15) points; the average score of EQ-VAS was (71.03 ± 14.63) points, and the quality of life was lower than that of the general population (P0.05). The highest rates of difficulty were “pain / discomfort” (26%), followed by “anxiety / depression” (13.14%). Univariate analysis showed that sex, age, income, education level, duration of disease, overweight and obesity, exercise were the main factors affecting the quality of life of hypertensive patients (P <0.05). Regression analysis showed that age, overweight and obesity were independent risk factors for mobility and daily activities; age was an independent risk factor for self-care; age was an independent risk factor for pain / discomfort; high income was a protective factor; exercise was anxiety / depression The protective factors (P <0.05). Conclusion The quality of life of patients with hypertension is lower than that of non-hypertensive patients, and attention should be paid to the management of patients with low income, low educational level, people over 60 years of age, physical activity and course of disease, which is of great significance in alleviating the burden of diseases and improving the quality of life.