西方政党当前的转型也可以通过两种不同的方式予以检视。我们可考虑旧的组织形式的生命力强度,寻找它们衰落的迹象,并评估转型可能的诸形态(modalities)和方向(directions);或者我们也可以把兴趣转移到不同政党体制下政党传统所从事的活动上,检视政党可能的变迁和危机。第一种方式提供了一个足够具体的领域,让我们逐一分析一个个政党组织;第二种方式提供了 The current transformation of Western parties can also be viewed in two different ways. We can look at the vitality of older forms of organization, look for signs of their decline, evaluate modalities and directions for transformation, or we can divert interest from the party traditions of different political parties Activities, view the political parties may change and crisis. The first approach provides a sufficiently specific area for us to analyze one by one the political party organizations; the second way provides