道德辨析能力是学生辨别、分析和判断道德是非、善恶和美丑等现象和行为的认知能力。它是学生道德品格发展的基础,是道德认识能力的核心,并与道德情感和体验、道德行为构成品格教育的主体。这种能力的发展主要包括道德意识、道德价值观、同理心、道德推理、道德判断、自知力等几个维度,它对学生思品素养的健康成长起着决定性的作用。教师可以通过开发丰富的道德故事、案例、影视材料和师生的真实经验等课程资源,采用分析比较、启发讨论、集体辩论、体验反思、综合归纳等方式提高小学生的道德辨析能力。 Moral discrimination is the ability of students to distinguish, analyze and judge moral right and wrong, good and evil and beauty and ugliness and other phenomena and behaviors. It is the basis for the development of students’ moral character, the core of moral cognition, and constitutes the main body of character education with moral emotion and experience and moral behavior. The development of this ability includes several dimensions such as moral consciousness, moral values, empathy, moral reasoning, moral judgment and self-knowledge. It plays a decisive role in the healthy growth of students’ ideological and moral education. Teachers can improve the ability of primary school students’ moral analysis through developing course resources such as rich moral stories, cases, visual materials and real experiences of teachers and students, using analysis and comparison, enlightening discussion, group debating, experiential reflection and comprehensive induction.