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通常认为卡介苗(BCG)为预防结核病的一种菌苗,但它亦可预防麻风。BCG预防麻风的效果为20～80%,其效果不同的原因尚不明瞭。Convit等在委内瑞拉的一项研究中,比较了与麻风患者接触的29133例人员单纯接种ECG与BCG加灭活麻风杆菌抗原菌苗的效果。在决定性病例组中(接种前麻风杆菌抗原皮试阴性患者,至少接种菌苗后1年发生麻风的20例),使用BCG加麻风杆菌抗原组的保护作用增加18%。在此基础上作者认为在随访的5年中无明显证据表明BCG加麻风杆菌预防麻风的效果较单纯BCG明显为优。
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is generally considered a vaccine against tuberculosis, but it also prevents leprosy. The effect of BCG in preventing leprosy is 20 to 80%. The reason for the difference in effect is not clear yet. In a study in Venezuela, Convit et al. Compared the effects of inoculation of BCG alone with inactivated leprae bacilli vaccine on 29,133 individuals who were exposed to leprosy patients. In the decidable case group (20 patients with leprosy prior to vaccination of leprosy skin test negative, at least 1 year after inoculation of the vaccine), protection against BCG plus leprosy antigen increased 18%. On this basis, the authors concluded that there was no clear evidence in the 5 years of follow-up that BCG plus leprosy was significantly better than BCG alone.