ISO8402中将质量定义为“反映实体满足明确和隐含需要的能力的特性总和。”这里,“明确需要和隐含需要”为关键词。在工程设计中,如何理解“明确需要”和“隐含需要”,通过学习,结合设计工作实际,笔者认为,“明确需要”是根据适用质量(即可用性、安全性、有效性、可靠性、可维修性及经济性等)、规格质量(即国家、各级政府的政策、法令、规定、规范、要求以及设计应该达到的深度)和业主所需要的其它服务 Quality is defined in ISO 8402 as “the sum of the attributes that reflect the entity’s ability to meet its explicit and implicit needs.” Here, the words “clearly required and implied needs” are key words. In engineering design, how to understand “explicit need” and “implicit need”, through studying and combining the actual design work, the author believes that “clearly needed” is based on applicable quality (ie availability, safety, effectiveness, reliability, Maintainability and economy, etc.), the quality of specifications (ie, the policies, ordinances, regulations, regulations, requirements and depths of design that governments, governments at all levels, and other services required by the owner)