Objective To evaluate the transesophageal echocardiography(TEE) and surgical treatment to cardiac papillary fibroelastomas (CPFE). Methods CPFE is a rare benign tumor occuring mainly in valves and often revealed by serious cerebral, coronary and peripheral embolism or even sudden death. We report a case of mitral PFE diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and surgical resection was performed. Results Surgical intervention is successful, and the follow-up courses are uneventful. Conclusion TEE is helpful to diagnosis and guiding the operation. Operation is recommended to prevent recurrent embolization complications.