大肠癌(主要指结肠癌,直肠癌)是消化道常见的肿瘤。各国发病率高低不一,美国白种男人发病率较高,每年10万人中有17人患此病,而日本男子则10万人中4人患此病。我国目前尚无系统统计资料,据不完全统计,约占所有癌肿发病中第5位。大肠癌的病死率亦较高,如美国占肿瘤死亡的第二位。西德、奥地利、比利时、丹麦等国占第四位。日本占第五位。因此大肠癌的问题已逐渐引起重视。大肠癌的主要治疗方法是采用单独外科切除,或手术合并放射治疗。但对一些原发病变不能手术或已有转移的病人或术后有症状的远离的非局限性的转移和再发不能手术者则应用化疗药物或化疗合并其他疗法。近年来,由于麻醉和抗菌素的进步,早期诊断的重视,加上 Colorectal cancer (mainly colon cancer, rectal cancer) is a common tumor in the digestive tract. The morbidity varies from country to country. The incidence of white males in the United States is high. 17 out of 100,000 people suffer from the disease each year, while Japanese men have 4 out of 100,000 people. There is no systematic statistical data in China. According to incomplete statistics, it accounts for about 5th of all cancer incidences. The mortality of colorectal cancer is also high, such as the United States accounted for the second death of cancer. West Germany, Austria, Belgium, Denmark and other countries accounted for the fourth place. Japan is in fifth place. Therefore, the problem of colorectal cancer has gradually attracted attention. The main treatment for colorectal cancer is the use of surgical resection alone or combined with radiation therapy. However, some patients with primary lesions that are inoperable or have metastases or those with postoperative symptomatic distant metastasis and non-recurrent metastases can be treated with chemotherapeutic drugs or chemotherapy combined with other therapies. In recent years, due to advances in anesthesia and antibiotics, the importance of early diagnosis has increased.