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按照美方统计,1995年美国对华贸易逆差为338亿美元,到1998年增加到570亿美元。按中方统计,1995年中国对美贸易顺差为86亿美元,到1998年增加到210亿美元。应当如何看待中美贸易不平衡问题? 首先,中美贸易的一个主要特点是中国对美出口中,加工贸易占很大比重,1997年加工贸易占对美出口的72%。这就意味着中国只能获得少量的加工费用。例如在美国市场上畅销的芭比娃娃玩具,售价为9.99美元,从中国进口每个仅为2美元,其中原料来自中东,由台湾加工为半成品,假发由日本生产,包装材料则由美国提供,这三部分合计为1美元,运输和管理费为0.65美元,中国所得加工费只有
According to U.S. statistics, the U.S. trade deficit with China was 33.8 billion U.S. dollars in 1995 and 57 billion U.S. dollars in 1998. According to Chinese statistics, in 1995, China’s trade surplus with the United States was 8.6 billion U.S. dollars and by 1998 it increased to 21 billion U.S. dollars. How should we view the issue of trade imbalance between China and the United States? First, one of the major features of Sino-U.S. Trade is the large share of China’s processing exports to the United States. In 1997, processing trade accounted for 72% of the total exports to the United States. This means that China can only get a small amount of processing fees. For example, the best-selling Barbie toys on the US market are priced at 9.99 US Dollars and each imported from China is only 2 Dollars. The raw materials come from the Middle East, the semi-finished products from Taiwan, the wigs from Japan, the packaging materials from the United States, The three components together amount to $ 1, transportation and overhead costs are $ 0.65, and processing fees earned in China are only