晚清时期中国在海外的采购既涉及到民间的购买活动 ,也涉及到清政府的购买活动。无论是在规模上还是在对中国近代化的意义上 ,政府的购买活动都是占主要地位的。晚清海外采购的渠道主要有洋商、各国驻华公使及洋员等、赫德掌管的中国海关及中国在国外的派出人员。 In the late Qing period, China’s overseas procurement involved both private purchase activities and the Qing government’s purchase activities. The government’s purchase activity is dominant, both in terms of size and in the context of China’s modernization. Late Qing overseas procurement channels are mainly foreign merchants, foreign ambassadors and foreigners in various countries, Hart control in the Chinese Customs and China’s overseas personnel.