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目的了解福建省福州城乡儿童哮喘的患病特点和诊治现状。方法采取整群抽样的调查方法 ,于2010年10月至2011年10月抽取福州城市12 235例和农村6 000例儿童作为调查对象,由全国儿童哮喘防治协作组统一制定调查方案,通过发放问卷及现场问诊、体检的方式完成调查。分析城市和农村儿童哮喘患病特点和诊治情况。结果①城市共发放儿童哮喘初筛问卷12 235份,实际收回有效问卷11 738份,应答率为95.9%,确诊儿童哮喘485例(4.13%);农村共发放儿童哮喘初筛问卷6 000份,实际收回有效问卷5 860份,应答率为97.7%,确诊儿童哮喘119例(2.03%),城市与农村哮喘发生率比较差异有统计学意义(x~2=52.05,P<0.001);②福州城乡确诊儿童哮喘既往诊断正确率城市63.9%、农村61.3%,差异无统计学意义(x~2=0.27,P=0.601>0.05);③城市及农村儿童哮喘发作的常见发病诱因比较有显著性差异,其中呼吸道感染城市占88.1%,农村占96.6%;天气变化城市占43.5%,农村占76.5%;④城市及农村哮喘使用药物情况比较有显著性差异(x~2=29.81,P<0.001),其中吸入激素使用率城市占68.7%、农村占52.1%;抗生素使用率城市占69.5%、农村占81.5%。结论福建省福州城市儿童哮喘患病高于农村,根据本次调查的诊治情况,应重点加强农村哮喘吸入型激素、合理使用抗生素的防治宣教。
Objective To understand the prevalence and diagnosis and treatment of childhood asthma in Fuzhou, Fujian Province. Methods The method of cluster sampling was used to survey 12 235 infants in Fuzhou city and 6 000 children in rural areas from October 2010 to October 2011. The investigation program was formulated by the National Coordination Group for Childhood Asthma Prevention and Control through the issuance of a questionnaire And on-site consultation, physical examination to complete the investigation. Analysis of urban and rural children asthma characteristics and diagnosis and treatment. Results There were 12 235 primary screening questionnaires for children with asthma in the city, 11 738 valid questionnaires were actually collected, the response rate was 95.9%, and 485 cases (4.13%) were diagnosed as asthma in children. In rural areas, There were 5,860 valid questionnaires in the questionnaire, the response rate was 97.7%, 119 cases (2.03%) were diagnosed as asthma in children, and the incidence of asthma in urban and rural areas was significantly different (x ~ 2 = 52.05, P <0.001) The diagnostic accuracy of past diagnosis of asthma in urban and rural areas was 63.9% in urban areas and 61.3% in rural areas, with no significant difference (x ~ 2 = 0.27, P = 0.601> 0.05); ③The common causes of asthma attack in urban and rural children were significantly different (88.1%) in urban areas, 96.6% in rural areas, 43.5% in urban areas and 76.5% in rural areas (4) There was a significant difference in the use of drugs between urban and rural areas in asthma (x 2 = 29.81, P <0.001) ), Of which 68.7% of inhaled corticosteroids were used in cities, 52.1% in rural areas, 69.5% in urban areas, and 81.5% in rural areas. Conclusion The prevalence of asthma in urban children in Fuzhou, Fujian Province is higher than that in rural areas. According to the diagnosis and treatment of this survey, inhalational hormones should be emphatically emphasized in rural areas and prevention and treatment of antibiotics should be rationally used.