个人是现代“权利”及“人权”概念的首要主体,其生成和塑造进程早在中世纪基督教思想中就已经启动,到近代启蒙时期获得快速推进,并在古典自然法学中获得了圆满终结。古典自然法学以其“自然状态”理论,全方位塑造了现代“权利主体”——独立自主而充满理性的个人,为“权利”观念的形成奠定坚实基础。 Individuals are the primary subject of the concept of “rights” and “human rights”. The process of their formation and shaping has been started in the medieval Christian ideology as early as the modern era of enlightenment and gained in classical natural law Successful conclusion. With its “natural state” theory, classical natural law jurisprudence comprehensively shapes the modern “right subject” - an autonomous and rational individual, which lays a solid foundation for the formation of the “right” concept.