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目的了解昆明市2006-2015年居民恶性肿瘤死亡原因及影响因素,为该市恶性肿瘤的防控提供依据。方法对昆明市2006-2015年全人群死亡资料进行国际疾病分类第10版(ICD-10)编码、分类、汇总和统计,计算恶性肿瘤的死亡率、构成比以及应用死亡率差别分解法计算人群死亡率变化由人口老龄化和危险因素引起的比例。应用Death Reg 2005软件、SPSS 17.0软件和Excel 2003进行统计分析。结果 2006-2015年居民恶性肿瘤累计死亡54 360例,死亡率102.79/10万,呈逐年上升趋势(χ_(趋势)~2=63.907,P<0.01),占全死因构成的16.92%,居第3位。男性死亡率为127.20/10万,女性死亡率为77.56/10万,男性恶性肿瘤死亡率显著高于女性,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=3 171.07,P<0.01)。恶性肿瘤死因顺位前5位为肺癌、肝癌、结直肠肛门癌、胃癌和白血病。其中城市恶性肿瘤死亡率为131.40/10万,农村为83.55/10万,城市高于农村,是农村的1.57倍,差异有统计学意义(χ2=2 834.06,P<0.01)。前5位死因顺位城市与全市相同,农村除第3位是胃癌、第4位是结直肠肛门癌其他位次与全市相同。各年龄组恶性肿瘤死因不同,肝癌、肺癌和乳腺癌呈明显年青化倾向,且随着年龄增长而升高。不同类别主要恶性肿死亡率呈上升趋势,引起死亡率变化的因素包括人口老龄化和危险因素两个方面,在城市,恶性肿瘤死亡率升高了20.19/10万,这其中有78.56%是人口老龄化因素造成,-21.44%是由于危险因素降低的影响;在农村,恶性肿瘤死亡率升高了36.93/10万,危险因素的影响占65.93%,人口老龄化的影响占34.07%。结论恶性肿瘤对居民健康危害严重,针对不同人群和地区采取相应控制措施,降低发病及死亡具有重要意义。
Objective To understand the causes and influencing factors of death of malignant tumors among residents in Kunming from 2006 to 2015 and provide the basis for the prevention and control of malignant tumors in this city. Methods The data of death of all population in Kunming from 2006 to 2015 were coded, classified, summarized and statistically analyzed according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), and the mortality rate, constituent ratio of malignant tumors and the difference of mortality rate were used to calculate the population Mortality rate changes due to population aging and risk factors. Death Reg 2005 software, SPSS 17.0 software and Excel 2003 were used for statistical analysis. Results The cumulative number of deaths from residents was 54 360 in 2006-2015, with a mortality rate of 102.79 / 100 000, showing an increasing trend year by year (χ_ (trend) ~ 2 = 63.907, P <0.01), accounting for 16.92% 3 digits. Male mortality was 127.20 / 100 000, female mortality was 77.56 / 100 000, male mortality was significantly higher than the female malignant tumors, the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 3 171.07, P <0.01). The top 5 causes of cancer deaths were lung cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, stomach cancer and leukemia. Among them, the death rate of malignant tumors in urban areas was 131.40 / 100,000, 83.55 / 100,000 in rural areas and 1.57 times higher in urban areas than in rural areas (χ2 = 2 834.06, P <0.01). The top 5 causes of death in the same city and the city the same, in addition to the first three in rural areas of gastric cancer, the first four are colorectal anorectal cancer and other places the same as the city. The cause of death of malignant tumors of different age groups, liver cancer, lung cancer and breast cancer showed a tendency of young, and increased with age. Mortality in different categories of major malignant tumors is on an upward trend. The factors that cause changes in mortality include population aging and risk factors. In urban areas, the cancer mortality rate has increased by 20.19 / 100,000, of which 78.56% are population -21.44% is due to the decrease of risk factors. In rural areas, the mortality rate of malignant tumor increased by 36.93 / 100000, the impact of risk factors accounted for 65.93%, the impact of population aging accounted for 34.07%. Conclusions Malignant neoplasms are harmful to the health of residents. It is of great importance to take appropriate control measures to reduce the incidence and mortality of different populations and regions.