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天然气水合物作为一种新的烃类资源在人类未来能源中具有极大的潜力,天然气水合物由于储气量大、成本低,与天然气液化、管道输送相比,有一定的优势。由于天然气水合物大多储藏在水深300m以下的海底沉积物及冻土地带中,我国多年冻土面积占国土面积的22.4%~27.0%,主要分布在青藏高原和东北内蒙、黑龙江省的北部。我国即将修建的青藏铁路沿线(羌塘盆地)正好处于4000~5000m以上的高寒地区,广泛分布着永冻层,据估计永冻层长达510多公里,是形成天然气水合物的良好环境,这一带又严重缺乏燃料。建议将天然气水合物“可燃冰”列入中国国土资源勘探计划。开采天然气水合物对于解决21世纪中国能源问题显得特别重要,根据日本开采南海海槽的甲烷天然气水合物和前苏联开采位于西西伯利亚东北的叶尼塞—哈坦加坳陷的麦索亚哈天然气气田的经济指标,开采1m3天然气,成本约0.25~0.35元人民币,而天然气销售价为0.4~0.55元人民币,一般每1m3天然气的利润为0.15~0.25元人民币,可见经济效益是相当可观的。
As a new hydrocarbon resource, natural gas hydrate has great potential in human future energy. Gas hydrate has some advantages over natural gas liquefaction and pipeline transportation due to large gas storage volume and low cost. Since most of the gas hydrate is stored in seabed sediments and permafrost below 300m, the area of permafrost in China accounts for 22.4% -27.0% of the total land area, mainly in the northern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the northeastern Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang provinces. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway (Qiangtang Basin) to be built in China is located in the alpine region of 4000-5000m above sea level. Permafrost is widely distributed. It is estimated that the permafrost reaches more than 510 kilometers long, which is a good environment for the formation of natural gas hydrate. There is a serious shortage of fuel in the vicinity. Proposed natural gas hydrate “combustible ice” included in China’s land and resources exploration program. Exploitation of natural gas hydrate is particularly important for solving China’s energy problems in the 21st century. According to the exploitation by Japan of methane gas hydrate from the South China Sea Trough and the former Soviet Union, the mining of Mineau Ha natural gas in the Yenisei-Hatanga Depression in northeastern Western Siberia Gas field economic indicators, the exploitation of 1m3 natural gas, the cost of about 0.25 to 0.35 yuan, while the sales price of natural gas 0.4 ~ 0.55 yuan, the general profit per 1m3 natural gas 0.15 ~ 0.25 yuan, shows that economic benefits are considerable.