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文明现代性自产生之时就包含着深刻的内在矛盾。文明是文化发展到一定阶段的表现,是文化的特殊形式,也是社会进步和异化状态的标志。与古代的奴隶制和中世纪的农奴制相比,资本主义雇佣劳动制是历史的巨大进步,但是它又存在着深刻的阶级矛盾和异化现象,充分体现了文明的二重性。马克思和恩格斯把这种现象称为“文明内部的野蛮”,他们联系很多历史事例对它进行了深入分析。“文明多样性”这一概念,就是指同一社会中多种文化互相并存和共同发展的状态。在一国之内,鼓励每个文化个体和群体的创造性和多样化,共同促进民族文化的发展;在国际社会中,提倡各民族文化的平等交流、相互借鉴和竞争发展。中国人常讲“和而不同”,“和”就是多样性的统一,就是不同的东西结合在一起而达到某种程度的平衡。
Civilization modernity contains profound inner contradictions since its birth. Civilization is a manifestation of a certain stage of cultural development, a special form of culture, and a sign of social progress and alienation. Compared with ancient slavery and medieval serfdom, capitalist wage-labor system is a tremendous historical progress, but it also has profound class contradictions and alienation phenomena, fully embodies the duality of civilization. Marx and Engels call this phenomenon “the savagery within civilizations,” and they have conducted in-depth analyzes in the light of many historical examples. The concept of “civilized diversity” refers to the state in which cultures in the same society coexist and develop together. Within a country, we should encourage the creativity and diversification of each individual and group of cultures to jointly promote the development of national culture. In the international community, we should promote the equal exchange of cultures among nations and learn from each other and compete with each other for development. Chinese people often say “harmony but different”. “Harmony” means the unity of diversity, that is, the different things are combined together to achieve a certain degree of balance.