西方20世纪80年代以来,各国政府纷纷进行行政体制改革,掀起了一场轰轰烈烈的“新公共行政运动”。“新公共行政运动”成为了主流的行政范式并形成了诸如社会公正、民主、参与性、责任性等基本理念。本文以西方比照中国,在新公共行政的基本思想下探索中国行政体制改革的路径,建设服务政府、责任政府、效能政府和参与性政府。 Since the 1980s in the West, governments of all countries have successively carried out the reform of the administrative system and set off a vigorous “new public administration movement.” “New Public Administration Movement ” has become the mainstream of the administrative paradigm and formed the basic concepts such as social justice, democracy, participation, responsibility and so on. In the light of the western comparison with China, this paper explores the path of China’s administrative system reform under the basic ideology of new public administration and establishes a service government, a responsible government, an effective government and a participative government.