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花键传动简单可靠、比功率高,在航空器传动装置中具有无可替代的地位。花键转速高、传递扭矩大、重量轻、工作环境苛刻,某些花键甚至无法实现润滑和冷却,此外,外花键和内花键的支撑系统各自孤立,无法确保可靠的对中,诸因素导致花键连接的不对中及润滑、磨损问题广泛存在。从20世纪50年代开始,航空业发达国家一直持续对花键的设计、润滑与磨损、试验、排故、维修开展研究工作,形成了系统的花键设计、试验与运行维护方法;而我国对花键的研究较少,且航空花键研究甚为匮乏,无法满足航空领域对传动部件的需求,在观念上,花键常常被视为附属部件和普通连接部件,对其关注度不够。总结了国内外航空花键数十年的研究进展,从航空花键的失效、润滑、振动、磨损、不对中、转子动力学、试验研究等方面开展了详细的调研分析和归纳总结,并探讨了航空花键研究发展趋势,以期为解决我国航空花键面临的不对中、润滑与磨损等问题提供借鉴和参考。
Simple and reliable spline transmission, high specific power, has an irreplaceable position in aircraft transmissions. Spline speed, transmission torque, light weight, harsh working environment, some of the splines can not even achieve lubrication and cooling, in addition, the external spline and internal spline support systems are isolated, can not ensure reliable alignment Factors lead to misalignment of the spline connection and lubrication, wear problems are widespread. Since the 1950s, the developed countries in the aviation industry have been continuously carrying out research work on spline design, lubrication and wear, testing, troubleshooting and maintenance, and have formed a systematic spline design, test and operation and maintenance methods. Spline research is rare, and aviation spline research is very scarce, can not meet the needs of the aviation field of transmission components, conceptually, splines are often regarded as ancillary components and common connection components, their attention is not enough. The research progresses of aviation spline at home and abroad for decades are summarized, and the detailed investigation and analysis and summary of aviation spline failure, lubrication, vibration, wear, misalignment, rotor dynamics and experimental research are also discussed In order to provide reference and reference for solving the problems of misalignment, lubrication and wear of aviation splines in China, the development trend of aviation splines is studied.