目的检测血清可溶性B7-H4(s B7-H4)蛋白在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者外周血中的表达水平,探讨其对NSCLC的早期诊断价值。方法采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)方法检测89例NSCLC患者,85例肺部良性疾病患者和105例健康体检者血清s B7-H4水平,同时采用电化学发光法检测血清癌胚抗原(CEA)和细胞角蛋白19片段(CYFRA211)水平,并对结果进行比较分析。结果 NSCLC组血清s B7-H4、CYFRA211、CEA水平均显著高于肺部良性疾病组和健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);s B7-H4在早期NSCLC患者(Ⅰ/Ⅱ期)中阳性率(63.0%)高于CYFRA211(39.1%)和CEA(32.6%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.35,χ2=7.36,P<0.01)。结论 NSCLC患者血清s B7-H4水平显著增高,且与临床分期相关,是一种较好的预测早期NSCLC的肿瘤标志物,有助于NSCLC的早期诊断。 Objective To detect the expression of soluble B7-H4 (s B7-H4) protein in peripheral blood of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to investigate the value of s B7-H4 in the early diagnosis of NSCLC. Methods The serum levels of B7-H4 in 89 patients with NSCLC, 85 patients with benign lung diseases and 105 healthy controls were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) ) And cytokeratin 19 (CYFRA211) levels, and the results were compared. Results Serum s B7-H4, CYFRA211 and CEA levels in NSCLC group were significantly higher than those in benign lung disease group and healthy control group (P <0.01); s B7-H4 in early stage NSCLC patients (Ⅰ / Ⅱ (63.0%) was higher than that of CYFRA211 (39.1%) and CEA (32.6%), the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 4.35, χ2 = 7.36, P <0.01). Conclusion Serum s B7-H4 levels are significantly increased in patients with NSCLC and correlated with clinical stage. It is a good predictor of early stage NSCLC tumor markers and is helpful for the early diagnosis of NSCLC.