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虽然中国拥有丰富的潮汐资源,但是潮汐发电产业在很大程度上落后于水力、光伏、风力和生物质直燃等可再生能源发电产业。本文运用能值分析法,选取中国装机容量最大的浙江省江厦潮汐试验电站(4.1 MW)为案例,对其建设与运行的可持续性进行分析,并与其他可再生能源发电系统的相关指标进行平行对比。结果表明:2014年该发电系统投入的能值总量为5.08×1019sej,电力产出为2.61×1013J,其中可更新资源投入比例为17.77%,能值转换率为1.95×106sej·J~(-1);环境负载率(ELR)和能值可持续性指标(ESI)分别为4.63和0.12,可持续性表现较差;究其原因,潮汐能是一种更为分散的、低品质能量,其捕获、收集和品质提升需要投入较多的外部资源。研究结果也表明,在现有开发模式下,不鼓励潮汐能发电的大规模扩张与发展,强化技术研发、更新开发模式,将是未来实现高效、可持续利用丰富潮汐资源的必由之路。
Although China has abundant tidal resources, the tidal power industry lags far behind the renewable energy power generation industries such as hydro power, photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation and biomass direct combustion. In this paper, we use the method of emergy analysis to select the case of Zhejiang Jiangxia Tidal Power Station (4.1 MW), which is the largest installed capacity in China, and analyze the sustainability of its construction and operation and compare it with other indicators of other renewable energy power generation systems Parallel comparison. The results show that in 2014, the total emergy energy input into the power generation system is 5.08 × 1019sej and the power output is 2.61 × 1013J, in which the proportion of renewable resources input is 17.77% and the energy conversion rate is 1.95 × 106sej · J ~ (- 1). The environmental sustainability (ELR) and sustainability index (ESI) were 4.63 and 0.12, respectively, indicating poor sustainability. The reason for this is that tidal energy is a more dispersed and low-quality energy, Its capture, collection and quality improvement require more external resources. The results of the study also show that under the current development model, the large-scale expansion and development of tidal power generation are not encouraged. R & D of technology and update of development mode will be the only way to achieve the efficient and sustainable use of abundant tidal resources in the future.