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在关于海洋油污风险的国际立法和民间协议中,已经建立了系统的强制社会责任机制、自愿社会责任机制、再分担社会责任机制,以及国际选择分担机制、国际多层分担机制、国际分担强制执行机制。这些机制建立、发展过程中所蕴含的社会本位和世界本位思想,已成为当代海洋油污立法的基本原理。本文认为,我国应以这两个原理为指导,尽早加入油污基金公约;及时修改《海商法》,增设油污损害赔偿专章,统一海洋油污的法律适用和赔偿限额,创设强制保险额度、油污基金征收标准与CLC1992、IOPC Fund挂钩的联动制度。
Among the international legislation and civil agreements on the risks of marine oil pollution, a system of mandatory social responsibility mechanisms, voluntary social responsibility mechanisms, re-sharing of social responsibility mechanisms, and mechanisms of international choice-sharing, international multi-tiered mechanisms, international sharing of enforcement mechanism. The basic principles of contemporary marine oil legislation have been the social-based and world-based ideas contained in the establishment and development of these mechanisms. This paper believes that our country should guide these two principles as early as possible to join the Oil Fund Convention; promptly amend the “Maritime Law”, the creation of a special chapter of oil pollution damage compensation, the unified marine oil law applicable and compensation limits, the creation of compulsory insurance, oil fund Levied standards linked with the CLC1992, IOPC Fund linked system.