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在分析岩质边坡动力破坏机制的基础上,实地调研5.12大地震后汶川震区道路沿线的边坡地质灾害分布,其边坡动力失稳主要受地形地貌及地质构造等因素的影响,沿发震断层长轴方向的地质灾害点数目明显比垂直于断层的短轴方向多;地震滑坡、崩塌等地质灾害在该区域分布上以沿河流水系呈线状分布;地震引发的滑坡多集中在坡度20°～50°范围的边坡上,开始滑动的位置大多发育在边坡的中上部。此外,地震引发的滑坡、崩塌的分布与地质构造关系也非常密切,距离发震断层越近,滑坡、崩塌出现的密度就越大;上盘区域内滑坡、崩塌的出现密度及震害程度都远远大于下盘区域,并存在明显的优势滑动效应;发震断层端部、错落、转折等尖端部位在错断过程中,能量释放最为强烈,这些部位的地质灾害发育较为集中。
Based on the analysis of the dynamic failure mechanism of rock slope, the site investigation of the geohazard distribution along the slope of the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area after the May 12 earthquake was carried out. The slope dynamic instability was mainly affected by such factors as topography and geomorphology. The number of geological disasters in the long axis of the seismogenic fault is obviously more than that in the short axis perpendicular to the fault. Geological hazards such as landslides and collapsing are distributed linearly along the river system in this area. The earthquake-induced landslides are more concentrated On the slopes with a slope of 20 ° ~ 50 °, most of the locations that begin to slide are developed in the middle and upper part of the slope. In addition, the distribution of landslides and collapses caused by earthquakes is also closely related to the geological structure. The closer to seismogenic faults, the greater the density of landslides and collapses. The occurrence density of landslides and collapses in the upper plate area and the degree of damage are all Which is far greater than the area of the lower plate, and there is a clear sliding advantage; the tip of the seismogenic fault at the tip, the fault, the turning point and the like have the strongest energy release and the geological disasters in these areas are more concentrated.