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【目的】比较不同植被下红树林土壤细菌和古菌的多样性及群落结构,认识红树林土壤微生物资源多样性。【方法】直接提取红树林土壤总DNA,采用细菌通用引物27F/1492R和古菌通用引物Arch21F/Arch958R进行PCR扩增,构建细菌和古菌16S rRNA基因文库,对海南东寨港自然保护区秋茄林、无瓣海桑林和无红树林裸滩土壤的细菌和古菌多样性和群落结构进行分析和比较。【结果】3种土壤样品的细菌类群包括变形细菌门(Proteobacteria)等16个类群,其中变形细菌门(Proteobacteria)与绿屈挠菌门(Chloroflexi)是优势类群;古菌包括6个嗜泉古菌界(Crenarchaeota)类群和7个广域古菌界(Euryarchaeota)类群,分别以Marine Benthic Group C、Marine Benthic Group D为优势类群。多样性指数(H’)和物种丰富度指数(Schao1)表明,本地种秋茄林下土壤细菌和古菌的多样性指数最高,外来种无瓣海桑显著低于秋茄林,甚至明显低于相邻无红树林裸滩沉积物;不同植被下土壤细菌和古菌群落结构存在显著差异,秋茄林土壤微生物群落结构和无红树林裸滩沉积物更相似。【结论】红树林土壤微生物类群丰富,不同植被下土壤细菌和古菌多样性和群落结构存在显著差异。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to compare the diversity and community structure of bacteria and archaea in mangroves under different vegetations and to understand the diversity of soil microbial resources in mangroves. 【Method】 The total DNA of mangrove soil was directly extracted. The common bacterial primer 27F / 1492R and the archaeal common primer Arch21F / Arch958R were used for PCR amplification. The 16S rRNA gene library of bacteria and archaea was constructed, The diversity and community structure of bacteria and archaea in forest, bare land and non-mangrove bare beach soil were analyzed and compared. 【Result】 The results showed that the bacterial community of the three soil samples included 16 taxa, including Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi. Among them, Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota, and Marine Benthic Group C and Marine Benthic Group D were the dominant groups. The diversity index (H ’) and species richness index (Schao1) indicated that the diversity index of soil bacteria and archaea in local candel was the highest, that of exotic species was significantly lower than that of candel garland, There was no bare beach mangrove sediment. There were significant differences in soil bacterial and archaeal community structures under different vegetation types. The soil microbial community structure in the soil was more similar to the mangrove bare beach sediments. 【Conclusion】 The mangroves are rich in soil microorganisms, and there is a significant difference in the diversity and community structure of soil bacteria and archaea under different vegetation types.