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目的分析孝昌县2015年狂犬病暴露后预防处置现状,为狂犬病防控提供依据。方法收集孝昌县2015年预防接种门诊狂犬病暴露者处置登记资料进行回顾性分析,用SPSS17.0和Excel2003对数据进行整理统计,用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2 226例狂犬病暴露者中,男女性别比为1.5:1;31~70岁最多占55.21%;犬伤占65.87%,猫伤占24.67%;各月份病例报告情况比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),致病高峰在5—9月;伤口以手和下肢居多,且以浅表和多部位伤多见;伤害程序以Ⅲ级暴露者居多;暴露者致伤后24 h内就诊占80.00%;完成全程免疫接种占85.21%,注射狂犬免疫球蛋白者占29.25%。结论孝昌县对2 226例狂犬病暴露者采取了有力的措施,今后要加大培训,提高对暴露后伤口处理技术及水平;加强对狂犬病防治知识的广泛宣传,提倡人群暴露前免疫,加强自我保护意识;提高犬类动物的免疫,控制动物间传播。
Objective To analyze the status of post-exposure prophylaxis and treatment of rabies in Xiaochang County in 2015 and provide basis for prevention and control of rabies. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the registration data of rabies exposed exposed persons in vaccination clinics in Xiaochang County in 2015. The data were analyzed with SPSS17.0 and Excel2003 and analyzed by descriptive epidemiology. Results Among 2 226 cases of rabies exposure, the sex ratio was 1.5: 1, up to 55.21% in 31-70 years old, 65.87% in dogs and 24.67% in cats. There was no significant difference in each case between the two groups P> 0.05). The peak of the disease was between May and September. The wounds were mostly in the hands and lower extremities and were more common in superficial and multi-part wounds. The injury procedures were mostly exposed in the third grade. The exposed patients within 24 h 80.00%; completed full vaccination accounted for 85.21%, injection of rabies immunoglobulin accounted for 29.25%. Conclusion Xiaochang County has taken effective measures against 2 226 cases of rabies exposure. In the future, more training should be given to improve the post-exposure wound management techniques and levels; the publicity on rabies prevention and control should be strengthened so as to promote pre-exposure immunity and self-protection Awareness; improve dog immunity, control the spread of animals.