急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)是临床常见的急危重症,其临床表现具有多样性。AKI具有高发病率和病死率,即便是血肌酐轻度升高也可增加死亡率~[1]。一项AKI世界发生率的Meta分析显示:成人与儿童AKI的发生率分别为21.6%、33.7%,死亡率分别为23.9%、13.8%~[2]。AKI是慢性肾脏疾病发生、发展和死亡的一个独 Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical critical illness, its clinical manifestations are diverse. AKI has a high morbidity and mortality, and even mild increases in serum creatinine increase mortality [1]. A meta-analysis of the incidence of AKI in the world showed that the incidence of AKI in adults and children was 21.6% and 33.7%, respectively, and the mortality rates were 23.9% and 13.8%, respectively [2]. AKI is a unique entity for the development, progression and death of chronic kidney disease