在地质科学发展的历史进程中,均变还是灾变,一直是一个经久不衰的争论话题。19世纪初开端的科学争论灾变论和突变论为一方,均变论和渐变论为另一方,绵延争论长达近一个多世纪。20世纪五六十年代由于新科学事实的发现而产生的新灾变论,掀起了一轮新的均变灾变之争。到八九十年代争论达到顶峰。其中强调灾变或渐变、承认渐变与突变结合的新思想如间断平衡和渐进灭绝等备受关注和争议。它不仅打破了传统的科学方法论格局,丰富了科学思想的内涵,同时还为新的科学思想之争提供了一个合理性的解:地球演化是一个复杂多质的历史过程:局部性的突变表明渐进中有间断;渐进灭绝说明在灾变中渐进的积累。只有具体地、多样性地看待地球现象和地质事件,兼顾均变论和灾变论,在具体的、局部的场景中把握和分析,才能比较全面和科学地说明地球演化的历史。 In the historical process of the development of geosciences, both have become catastrophic, has always been an enduring debate topic. The Scientific Debate Beginning in the Early 19th Century Catastrophe theory and catastrophe theory are on the one hand, while both the catastrophe theory and the catastrophe theory are on the other hand. The controversy has lasted for nearly a century. The new catastrophe theory that emerged in the 1950s and 1960s due to the discovery of new scientific facts set off a new round of dispute over catastrophe. The debate reached its peak in the 80s and 90s. Which emphasizes cataclysmic or gradual change, recognizing that new ideas combining gradualism and mutation, such as intermittent balance and gradual extinction, have drawn much attention and controversy. It not only broke the traditional pattern of scientific methodology and enriched the connotation of scientific thought, but also provided a reasonable solution to the controversy over the new scientific thought: the evolution of the earth is a complex and multi-qualitative historical process: the local mutation shows Progressive discontinuities; progressive extinction indicates gradual accumulation in disasters. Only Specifically, look at the diversity of the Earth’s geological events and phenomena, taking into account uniformitarianism and catastrophism, in particular grasp of the local scene and analysis in order to more comprehensive and scientifically explain the historical evolution of the earth.