目的:探讨长期冬泳锻炼对中年人血液流变学特性的影响。方法:测定15名长期参加冬泳锻炼的中年人(冬泳组)血液流变学指标以及血浆纤维蛋白原含量、组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)和纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物(PAI-1)活性,并与11名同龄的、无系统体育锻炼的中年人(对照组)相比较。结果:与对照组相比,冬泳组全血粘度低切、中切和高切,全血还原粘度低切、血浆粘度、红细胞压积以及红细胞聚集指数均显著下降,红细胞变形指数显著升高。与此同时,冬泳组血浆纤维蛋白原含量显著下降,PAI-1活性有下降趋势,但无显著性差异;而血浆t-PA活性和t-PA/PAI-1显著升高。结论:长期冬泳锻炼可以显著改善中年人血液流变学特性。长期冬泳锻炼可能通过提高中年人血浆t-PA活性,降低PAI-1活性,增强机体的纤溶功能,降低血浆纤维蛋白原含量,改善机体的血液流变学特性。 Objective: To investigate the effect of long-term winter swimming training on the hemorheological characteristics of middle-aged people. Methods: The hemorrheological parameters, plasma fibrinogen content, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator (TGP) in 15 middle-aged winter swimmers (PAI-1) activity and compared with 11 middle-aged (control group) without systematic physical activity of the same age. Results: Compared with the control group, the whole blood viscosity, the viscosity, the hematocrit and the erythrocyte aggregation index of winter swimming group were significantly decreased, the erythrocyte deformation index increased significantly. At the same time, the plasma fibrinogen content of winter swimming group decreased significantly, the activity of PAI-1 decreased, but there was no significant difference; while plasma t-PA activity and t-PA / PAI-1 increased significantly. Conclusion: Long-term winter swimming exercise can significantly improve the hemorrheological characteristics of middle-aged people. Long-term winter swimming exercise may improve the body’s hemorheology by increasing plasma t-PA activity, decreasing PAI-1 activity, enhancing fibrinolytic function, lowering plasma fibrinogen and improving the body’s rheological properties.