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胃肠道生产20多种肽类激素。其中,胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)在过去的30年里受到最多关注。人们对GLP-1以及另一肠道激素葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素肽(GIP)功能的研究已导致了两类新的糖尿病治疗药物的开发,分别称为GLP-1R激动剂和DPP-Ⅳ抑制剂。肠道的这些内分泌细胞不是聚集在内分泌腺体中,而是广泛分布在整个胃肠道中,从而与“外部”环境包括食物以及肠道菌群充分接触。本文简要介绍了GLP-1以及营养成分如何调节其分泌,并重点讨论了肠道环境如何影响GLP-1的产生和分泌,包括肠道菌群的贡献。
Gastrointestinal production of more than 20 kinds of peptide hormones. Among them, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has received the most attention in the past 30 years. Studies on the function of GLP-1 and another intestinal hormone, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), have led to the development of two new classes of diabetes therapies, known as GLP-1R agonists and DPP-IV inhibitors . The gut endocrine cells do not accumulate in the endocrine glands, but are widely distributed throughout the gastrointestinal tract, making full contact with the “outside” environment, including food and gut flora. This article briefly describes how GLP-1 and its nutrients regulate its secretion and focuses on how the intestinal environment affects the production and secretion of GLP-1, including the contribution of intestinal flora.