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塔克拉玛干沙漠公路是世界上穿越流沙区最长的公路,公路两侧防沙治沙工程体系是公路正常运行的关键因素。以塔克拉玛干沙漠沙垄区的公路防护林带为研究对象,结合野外地形测量、防护工程调查以及风沙数据观测,分析沙垄不同地貌部位防护林带内气流特征,揭示防护林带内风场变化规律,探讨不同地貌部位防护林带的防护效果。主要结论是:①垂直于公路的防护林带断面风场存在3个区(防护林带前部风速迅速降低区、防护林带中部风速低值区、防护林带工程后部风速恢复区),气流穿过公路路面时风速呈增大趋势,利于公路防护;②现有防护林带具有较好的防护效果,相对于防护林带上风向流沙区的风速,防护林带中部风速降低幅度在80%以上,多数断面在林带前缘10 H后(H为植株平均高度)风速降低至最小;③沙垄不同地貌部位的工程防护效益存在显著差异,迎风坡底部防护效果最好,迎风坡中部防护最差。其研究结果可为塔克拉玛干沙漠公路防沙治沙工程体系优化提供科学依据。
The Taklimakan Desert Highway is the longest highway in the world that crosses the quicksand area. The project of sand control and desertification on both sides of the highway is the key factor in the normal operation of the highway. Taking the highway shelterbelts in the Taklimakan desert area as the research object, this paper analyzed the characteristics of the airflow in the shelterbelt with different landforms in the desert ridge with the help of field survey, protection engineering survey and wind-blown data observation, Protective effect of the shelterbelts on the topography. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) There are 3 zones in the cross-section wind farm vertical to the highway (the wind speed in the front of the shelter belt is rapidly reduced, the low wind speed in the middle of the shelterbelt and the wind speed recovery zone in the back of the shelter belt) The wind speed at the pavement is increasing, which is good for road protection; (2) The existing shelterbelts have better protection effect. Wind speed in the middle of Shelterbelts is reduced by more than 80% The wind speed reduced to the minimum after 10 H of the front edge (H is the average height of the plant). ③ The engineering protection benefits of the different landforms in the sand ridge were significantly different. The protection effect at the bottom of the windward slope was the best and the protection in the middle of the windward slope was the worst. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for the optimization of the system of desertification prevention and control in the Taklamakan Desert Highway.