哈特曼-夏克(Hartmann-Shack,H-S)波前传感器的探测误差是自适应光学系统中的一个主要误差源.本文分析了电子倍增电荷耦合器件(electron multiplying charge-coupled devices,EMCCD)的各种噪声源对H-S波前传感器质心探测误差的影响,推导了基于EMCCD的H-S波前传感器的质心探测误差的数学表达式,并进行了数值仿真和实验研究.结果表明,基于EMCCD的H-S波前传感器的质心探测误差与增益直接相关,在增益小于Pmax/(Q·Nmean)时质心探测误差随着增益的增大而减小,在增益大于Pmax/(Q·Nmean)时质心探测误差随着增益的增大而增大,其中Pmax是EMCCD的峰值电荷,Q是量子效率,Nmean是平均入射光强. The detection error of the Hartmann-Shack (HS) wavefront sensor is a major error source in the adaptive optics system.This paper analyzes the effects of electron multiplying charge-coupled devices (EMCCD) Various noise sources on the detection accuracy of HS wavefront sensor centroid, the derivation of the EMCCD-based HS wavefront sensor centroid detection error mathematical expression, and the numerical simulation and experimental study results show that the EMCCD-based HS wave The centroid detection error of the front sensor is directly related to the gain. When the gain is less than Pmax / (Q · Nmean), the detection error of the centroid decreases with the gain increasing. The detection error of centroid with the gain larger than Pmax / (Q · Nmean) Increases with increasing gain, where Pmax is the peak charge of EMCCD, Q is the quantum efficiency, and Nmean is the average incident light intensity.