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目的了解长沙市农药中毒发生的特点和原因,为制定防控农药中毒策略提供科学依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统—职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统收集2006年1月1日-2014年12月31日长沙市农药中毒报告数据。应用χ2检验进行统计分析。结果 2006-2014年长沙市共报告农药中毒1 829例,死亡273例,病死率为14.93%。非生产性农药中毒1 441例(占78.79%)。生产性农药中毒以45岁~年龄组病例数最多(占65.72%),非生产性农药中毒以25岁~年龄组病例数最多(占34.63%);非生产性农药中毒各年龄组病死率差异有统计学意义(χ2=68.090,P=0.000),且随着年龄增大病死率呈增高趋势(χ2=63.333,P=0.000)。生产性农药中毒和非生产性农药中毒均以65岁~年龄组病死率最高(分别占7.69%和32.00%)。生产性农药中毒男性高于女性(男性:女性=10.09:1),非生产性农药中毒男性高于女性(男性:女性=1.18:1);男女之间农药中毒总病死率差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.957,P=0.162)。生产性农药中毒季节性明显,第三季度中毒病例最多(84.28%);各季度生产性农药中毒病死率差异有统计学意义(χ2=20.909,P=0.003)。结论长沙市农药中毒情况较严重,应加强农药的监督管理工作,广泛宣传培训农药安全使用知识,加强心理干预,从而有效预防农药中毒的发生。
Objective To understand the characteristics and causes of pesticide poisoning in Changsha and to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of strategies for preventing and controlling pesticide poisoning. Methods The report data of pesticide poisoning in Changsha from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2014 was collected through China Disease Prevention and Control Information System - Occupational Disease and Occupational Health Information Monitoring System. Χ2 test using statistical analysis. Results A total of 1 829 cases of pesticide poisoning were reported in Changsha from 2006 to 2014, with 273 deaths and a case fatality rate of 14.93%. 1 441 cases of unproductive pesticide poisoning (78.79%). The incidence of productive pesticide poisoning was the highest (45.72%) in the age group of 45 years old and the non-productive pesticide poisoning was the most in the age group of 25 years old (34.63%). The mortality of unproductive pesticide poisoning in all age groups There was statistical significance (χ2 = 68.090, P = 0.000), and the mortality increased with age (χ2 = 63.333, P = 0.000). Productive and unproductive pesticide poisoning were the highest in the 65-year-old age group mortality (7.69% and 32.00%, respectively). The incidence of pesticide poisoning among men and women was higher than that of women (male: female = 10.09: 1), male with unproductive pesticide poisoning was higher than female (male: female = 1.18: 1) (χ2 = 1.957, P = 0.162). The seasonal poisoning of productive pesticides was obvious with the highest number of cases of poisoning in the third quarter (84.28%). There was statistically significant difference in mortality rate of productive pesticides in each quarter (χ2 = 20.909, P = 0.003). Conclusion The situation of pesticide poisoning in Changsha City is more serious. The supervision and management of pesticides should be strengthened. Knowledge about the safe use of pesticides should be widely publicized and the psychological intervention should be strengthened so as to effectively prevent the occurrence of pesticide poisoning.