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目的了解宁波市农村地区狂犬病暴露季节性和时间规律,为狂犬病的防控工作提供科学依据。方法通过成人预防接种信息系统收集宁波市鄞州区犬伤门诊接诊的狂犬病暴露病例人数,运用圆形分析法分析狂犬病暴露的季节性和时间规律特征。结果 2013-2015年该区犬伤门诊报告狂犬病暴露患者41 323例,暴露率呈逐年递增趋势,各年的暴露率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7 685.65,P<0.01)。狂犬病暴露发生具有季节性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中Ⅰ级暴露发生的季节性差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级暴露发生的季节性差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。Ⅱ级暴露发生平均角为200.218°,相当于7月20日,高峰期为3月30日-11月8日;Ⅲ级暴露发生平均角为201.253°,相当于7月21日,高峰期为4月3日-11月6日。结论宁波市鄞州区狂犬病暴露具有明显季节性,Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级暴露均为夏秋季高发,在狂犬病防治工作中要充分考虑狂犬病暴露季节性特点,做好疫苗储备和犬伤门诊设置,为暴露人群提供及时的暴露后预防处置。
Objective To understand the seasonal and time pattern of rabies exposure in rural areas of Ningbo and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of rabies. Methods The number of rabies exposed cases in canine outpatient clinics in Yinzhou District of Ningbo City was collected through the adult vaccination information system. The circular analysis method was used to analyze seasonal and temporal regular patterns of rabies exposure. Results A total of 41 323 rabies exposure cases were reported in the canine wounded outpatient department in 2013-2015. The exposure rate showed an increasing trend year by year, with a significant difference in the annual exposure rates (χ ~ 2 = 7 685.65, P <0.01). There was a seasonal difference in the rabies exposure (P <0.01). There was no significant difference in seasonal exposure of grade Ⅰ exposure (P> 0.05). The seasonal differences of grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ exposure were statistically significant Significance (P <0.01). The average angle of grade Ⅱ exposure was 200.218 °, equivalent to July 20, the peak was March 30-November 8, and the average angle of grade Ⅲ exposure was 201.253 °, which was equivalent to July 21 and the peak was April 3 - November 6. Conclusion The rabies exposure in Yinzhou District of Ningbo City is obviously seasonal. The exposure of grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ are both high in summer and autumn. The seasonal characteristics of rabies exposure should be fully considered in rabies prevention and treatment. The population provides timely post-exposure prophylaxis.