子宫内膜异位症(EMs)通过多个环节影响女性生育能力和不孕的治疗效果。EMs合并不孕的患者其子宫内膜细胞学形态方面:胞饮突的表达量、内膜腺体数目、基质有丝分裂细胞数较健康对照组均显著减少,腺体的腺腔分布不规则,微绒毛少、纤毛再生不全、发育不良;分子生物学方面:种植窗期内膜整合素αvβ3减少,基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、细胞外基质、激活素A、细胞黏附分子、芳香化酶P450、IgG和IgA抗体等多种细胞因子的异常;基因学方面:HOXA10、HOXA11基因呈低水平表达,MMP-2和MMP-9表达升高;类固醇激素17β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶(17β-HSDs)等不表达,从而降低EMs患者的子宫内膜容受性。促性腺激素释放激素激动剂预处理可有效提高EMs患者子宫内膜容受性。 Endometriosis (EMs) affect women’s fertility and infertility treatment through multiple links. EMs with infertility in patients with endometrial cytology: the expression of the pinopodes, the number of endometrial glands, mitotic stromal cells than the control group were significantly reduced glandular glandular cavity distribution is irregular, micro In the aspect of molecular biology, there is a decrease of membrane integrin αvβ3, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), extracellular matrix, activin A, cell adhesion molecule, aromatization In the aspect of genetics, the expression of HOXA10 and HOXA11 was low and the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were increased. The steroid hormone 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β -HSDs) is not expressed, thereby reducing endometrial receptivity in patients with EMs. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist pretreatment can effectively improve endometrial receptivity in patients with EMs.