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利用统计资料和农户调查资料综合分析了中国东北地区农业生产、化肥消费与生产现状及存在问题。结果表明,东北地区农业生产基础雄厚,是我国重要的粮食生产基地,总体种植结构以粮食作物为主,经济作物为辅;从历年变化趋势看,稻谷和豆类种植面积近11年平均年增长率分别达到5%和4%,小麦种植面积下降迅速。东北各区化肥消费以氮肥为主,磷复肥为辅,施肥方式以基肥为主,存在氮肥和磷肥不合理施用现象;从11年统计分析看,钾肥与复合肥使用量增长较快,年均增长率分别达到10.7%和6.4%;化肥生产企业规模、化肥品种和产能不能满足当地化肥市场消费需求,2005年化肥自给率仅为35.4%。综合分析认为,未来东北地区化肥市场需求强劲,存在提升的空间。
Based on the statistical data and household survey data, the status quo and existing problems of agricultural production, fertilizer consumption and production in Northeast China were analyzed comprehensively. The results show that the agricultural production in Northeast China is rich in basic agricultural production and is an important grain production base in China. The overall planting structure is dominated by food crops and supplemented by cash crops. From the perspective of the changes in the past years, the average annual growth of paddy and bean planting area in the past 11 years Rates reached 5% and 4% respectively, and the area under wheat decreased rapidly. Fertilizer consumption in northeast China is dominated by nitrogen fertilizer, supplemented with phosphate and compound fertilizers, and the main mode of fertilization is basal fertilizer with unreasonable application of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers. From the statistical analysis of 11 years, the use of potassium and compound fertilizers increased rapidly, with annual average The growth rate of which reached 10.7% and 6.4% respectively. The scale of fertilizer production enterprises, varieties and capacities of chemical fertilizers can not meet the consumption needs of local fertilizer markets. In 2005, the self-sufficiency rate of fertilizer was only 35.4%. Comprehensive analysis shows that the future demand for fertilizers in northeast China strong, there is room for improvement.