地震波在岩石中传播衰减问题一直是研究的热点之一,目前的岩石孔隙介质模型都无法全面解释地震波在岩石中的强衰减现象.根据Biot孔隙弹性理论和一般随机过程理论设计了随机孔隙介质模型来研究地震波在复杂地层岩石中的传播规律.为确保模型与地球浅层的岩石实际状况相符,模型中岩石的晶粒密度、孔隙度、渗透率与骨架模量均被设置为空间随机分布的参数,在仅考虑一种流体浸润的情况下,对随机孔隙介质进行了地震波的数值模拟.并采用两种衰减估量方法(时间域的振幅衰减法和频率域的谱比法)对波场中虚拟检波器的合成记录进行了衰减估算,给出了基于不同方法得到的两种快纵波衰减的逆品质因子.将随机孔隙介质中快纵波衰减结果与均匀孔隙介质的快纵波衰减结果对比,结果显示:均匀孔隙结构中的地震波衰减远低于随机孔隙结构,而且,在随机孔隙结构中若不均匀程度提高,则地震波的衰减会进一步加强,当不均匀程度达到σ=0.15时,快纵波的衰减因子与实际观测的经验值符合.由于数值实验的中心频率(50Hz)位于地震频段,因此我们的结果无疑进一步证实了不均匀孔隙结构是中、低频段地震波在实际地层发生强衰减的重要原因之一. The attenuation of seismic waves propagating in rock is always one of the hot topics, and the current rock pore media model can not fully explain the strong attenuation of seismic waves in rock.According to Biot’s theory of pore elasticity and general stochastic process theory, a random pore medium model To study the propagation of seismic waves in complex formation rocks.The grain density, porosity, permeability and bulk modulus of the rock are set to be randomly distributed in space in order to ensure that the model is consistent with the actual conditions of the earth’s shallow rocks The numerical simulation of seismic wave in random porous media under the condition of considering only one kind of fluid infiltration parameters is carried out. Two kinds of attenuation estimation methods (amplitude attenuation method in time domain and spectral ratio method in frequency domain) The results of the attenuation estimation of the synthetic records of the virtual geophones are given and the inverse quality factors of two fast P-wave attenuation obtained by different methods are given.Comparison of the results of the fast P-wave attenuation in the random porous media and the fast P-wave attenuation of the homogeneous porous media shows that It shows that seismic wave attenuation in uniform pore structure is much lower than that of random pore structure. Moreover, If the unevenness increases, the attenuation of the seismic wave will be further strengthened. When the non-uniform degree reaches σ = 0.15, the attenuation factor of fast longitudinal wave agrees with the empirical value of the actual observation. Since the central frequency of the numerical experiment (50Hz) Therefore, our results undoubtedly further confirm that the uneven pore structure is one of the important reasons for the strong attenuation of middle and low frequency seismic waves in the actual formation.