论文部分内容阅读
在油田勘探与开发过程中,为了改造低渗透性油层大幅度增加产油能力,目前广泛采用对油层进行水力压裂措施。所谓水力压裂,就是用高压(200—1400大气压)将一定粘度(1—10000厘泊)的液体从油井的套管或油管中以油层能吸收的速度(1立方米—40立方米/分)压入。这样的压入速度,促使井筒内的压力超过地层的压缩应力和岩石的张力强度而出现破裂,形成一条或者一组裂缝。继续注入压裂液,将迫使裂缝进一步延伸和扩展。随着压裂液注入的同时,加入大颗粒的固体支撑剂(通常使用砂子),使其沉降在裂缝
In the process of exploration and development of oil fields, hydraulic fracturing is widely applied to oil reservoirs in order to improve the oil production capability of low permeability reservoirs. The so-called hydraulic fracturing, is the use of high pressure (200-1400 atmospheric pressure) will be a certain viscosity (1-10000 cps) of liquid from the well casing or tubing to the oil layer can absorb speed (1 cubic meters -40 cubic meters / min )push into. Such pushing speed, prompting the pressure inside the wellbore exceeds the compressive stress of the formation and the tensile strength of the rock to rupture, forming one or a group of cracks. Continued injection of fracturing fluid will force the fracture to further extend and expand. As the fracturing fluid is injected, large particles of solid proppants (usually sand) are added to allow them to settle in the fracture